MBE Advance Access published online on April 25, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg114
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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1 Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sachi{at}bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Y chromosomes carry genes with functions in male reproduction and often have few other loci. Their evolution and the causes of genetic degeneration are of great interest. In addition to genetic degeneration, the acquisition of autosomal genes may be important in Y chromosome evolution. We here report that the dioecious plant Silene latifolia harbours a complete MADS box gene, SlAP3Y, duplicated onto the Y chromosome. This gene has no X-linked homologues but only an autosomal paralogue, SlAP3A, and sequence divergence suggests that the duplication is a quite old event that occurred soon after the evolution of the sex chromosomes. Evolutionary sequence analyses using homologues of closely related species including hermaphroditic Silene conica and dioecious Silene dioica and Silene diclinis, suggest that both SlAP3A and SlAP3Y genes encode functional proteins. Indeed, quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses showed that SlAP3A is expressed specifically in developing petals but SlAP3Y is much more strongly expressed in developing stamens. The S. conica homologue, ScAP3A, is expressed in developing petals, suggesting subfunctionalization with evolution of male-specific functions, possibly due to evolutionary change in regulatory elements. Our results suggest that the acquisition of autosomal genes is an important event in the evolution of plant Y chromosomes. Key Words:
dioecious plant, Y chromosome, sex differentiation, MADS box gene, subfunctionalization, duplication
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Original Articles
Duplicative Transfer of a MADS Box Gene to a Plant Y Chromosome
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
3 Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
4 Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
5 Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
6 Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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