Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 8, 687-702, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
RH Thomas and JA Hunt
DNA sequences in the alcohol dehydrogenase genes of flies representing the
major groups of Hawaiian Drosophila are used to clarify the relationships
of these groups, among themselves and with mainland Drosophila. The
topology of the tree derived from these sequences agrees with karyotypic
and morphological data but disagrees, in part, with the results of an
earlier study that used immunological comparisons between variants of a
larval hemolymph protein. A time scale, derived from a comparison of
closely related Hawaiian Drosophila species, provides divergence-time
estimates that are substantially more recent than those obtained from the
immunological studies, although they are still within the bounds set by
fossil and biogeographical evidence. The two major lineages of Hawaiian
Drosophila, the scaptomyzoids and the drosophiloids, are shown to be widely
separated from one another. The scaptomyzoids appear to have diverged early
in the history of the subgenus Drosophila, greater than 25 Mya. While
hundreds of scaptomyzoid species are found in the Hawaiian archipelago,
many fewer are found elsewhere around the world, suggesting that they could
have originated outside Hawaii. The drosophiloid lineage is strictly
endemic to Hawaii and originated little more than 10 Mya, according to the
alcohol dehydrogenase molecular clock. Thus, Drosophila apparently
inhabited the Hawaiian archipelago (greater than or equal to 5 Myr before
the emergence of the oldest existing high island, Kauai, 5 Mya.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The molecular evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus and the phylogeny of Hawaiian Drosophila
Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.
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