Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 8, 227-239, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
SR Palumbi and EC Metz
Morphological, mitochondrial DNA, and single-copy nuclear DNA differences
show that the tropical sea urchin Echinometra mathaei is composed of at
least four independent gene pools. Evolutionary distance between species
measured with restriction-site changes (for mitochondrial DNA) and thermal
renaturation (for single-copy nuclear DNA) is 1%-3% nucleotide divergence.
Thus these are the most closely related sea urchin species known. Despite
this genetic similarity, strong blocks to interspecific fertilization exist
in this genus. Between two Hawaiian species, few eggs are fertilized in
hybrid crosses, even in the presence of excess sperm. Microscopic
examination of such crosses shows that sperm attachment to heterologous
eggs is inhibited. Measures of genetic distance between species can help
reveal the tempo of speciation and allow comparisons of morphological,
biochemical, and ecological characteristics to be made in an evolutionary
framework. Our results show that strong reproductive isolation can evolve
by changes in egg-sperm recognition without extensive genetic divergence
between species. Such mechanisms are most easily studied in free-spawning
animals such as sea urchins but as well may represent an important aspect
of speciation in species with internal fertilization.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Strong reproductive isolation between closely related tropical sea urchins (genus Echinometra)
Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822.
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