Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 7, 365-376, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
RO de Sa and DM Hillis
Relationships of the pipid frog genus Silurana (= Xenopus tropicalis group
of some authors) are of particular interest to developmental and molecular
biologists because of the purported ancestral (i.e., unduplicated)
karyotype of S. tropicalis relative to the genus Xenopus. Although most
previous studies have assumed that Silurana is the sister group of Xenopus,
recent morphological work suggests that Silurana is more closely related
both to the South American genus Pipa and to the African genera
Hymenochirus and Pseudhymenochirus than it is to Xenopus. We examined 1,486
bp of relatively variable regions of the ribosomal DNA array (including
portions of the 18S and 28S genes, as well as part of an internal
transcribed spacer) in Hymenochirus, Silurana, and Xenopus, as well as the
outgroup genus Spea, in order to test the alternative hypotheses of
relationships for Silurana. Maximum- parsimony analysis using bootstrapping
and an analysis using Lake's method of invariants both significantly
support the sister-group relationship between Xenopus and Silurana rather
than the relationship suggested by morphology. Analysis of the combined
morphological/molecular data matrix also significantly supports the
Xenopus-Silurana relationship. Although our results are not inconsistent
with the recognition of the genus Silurana to accommodate the species
formerly called X. tropicalis and X. epitropicalis, the proposed
relationships do not require the recognition of this genus in order to
render Xenopus monophyletic.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phylogenetic relationships of the pipid frogs Xenopus and Silurana: an integration of ribosomal DNA and morphology
Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin 78712-1064.
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