Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 6, 109-122, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
M Gouy and WH Li
The branching order of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi has been a
controversial issue. Using the transformed distance method and the maximum
parsimony method, we investigated this problem by comparing the sequences
of several kinds of macromolecules in organisms spanning all three
kingdoms. The analysis was based on the large-subunit and small-subunit
ribosomal RNAs, 10 isoacceptor transfer RNA families, and six highly
conserved proteins. All three sets of sequences support the same
phylogenetic tree: plants and animals are sibling kingdoms that have
diverged more recently than the fungi. The ribosomal RNA and protein data
sets are large enough so that in both cases the inferred phylogeny is
statistically significant. The present report appears to be the first to
provide statistically conclusive molecular evidence for the phylogeny of
the three kingdoms. The determination of this phylogeny will help us to
understand the evolution of various molecular, cellular, and developmental
characters shared by any two of the three kingdoms. Noting that the
large-subunit rRNA sequences have evolved at similar rates in the three
kingdoms, we estimated the ratio of the time since the animal-plant split
to the time since the fungal divergence to be 0.90.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular phylogeny of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi
Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas, Houston 77225.
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