Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 5, 331-344, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
JC Avise, RM Ball and J Arnold
Using inbreeding theory as applied to neutral alleles inherited maternally,
we generate expected probability distributions of times to identity by
descent for random pairs of mitochondrial genotypes within a population or
within an entire species characterized by high gene flow. For comparisons
with these expectations, empirical distributions of times to most recent
common ancestry were calculated (by conventional mtDNA clock calibrations)
from mtDNA haplotype distances observed within each of three vertebrate
species--American eels, hardhead catfish, and redwinged blackbirds. These
species were chosen for analysis because census population size in each is
currently large and because both genetic and life-history data are
consistent with the postulate that historical gene flow within these
species has been high. The observed molecular distances among mtDNA
lineages were two to three orders of magnitude lower than predicted from
census sizes of breeding females, suggesting that rate of mtDNA evolution
is decelerated in these species and/or that long-term effective population
size is vastly smaller than present-day population size. Several
considerations point to the latter possibility as most likely. The genetic
structure of any species is greatly influenced by historical demography;
even for species that are currently abundant, mtDNA gene lineages appear to
have been channeled through fairly small numbers of ancestors.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Current versus historical population sizes in vertebrate species with high gene flow: a comparison based on mitochondrial DNA lineages and inbreeding theory for neutral mutations
Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
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