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Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 4, 406-425, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution


ORIGINAL ARTICLE

The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees

N Saitou and M Nei
Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225.

A new method called the neighbor-joining method is proposed for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data. The principle of this method is to find pairs of operational taxonomic units (OTUs [= neighbors]) that minimize the total branch length at each stage of clustering of OTUs starting with a starlike tree. The branch lengths as well as the topology of a parsimonious tree can quickly be obtained by using this method. Using computer simulation, we studied the efficiency of this method in obtaining the correct unrooted tree in comparison with that of five other tree-making methods: the unweighted pair group method of analysis, Farris's method, Sattath and Tversky's method, Li's method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris method. The new, neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods.
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Crop Sci.Home page
H. S. Moon, J. M. Nifong, J. S. Nicholson, A. Heineman, K. Lion, R. van der Hoeven, A. J. Hayes, and R. S. Lewis
Microsatellite-based Analysis of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Genetic Resources
Crop Sci., October 22, 2009; 49(6): 2149 - 2159.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
D. Kockelkorn and G. Fuchs
Malonic Semialdehyde Reductase, Succinic Semialdehyde Reductase, and Succinyl-Coenzyme A Reductase from Metallosphaera sedula: Enzymes of the Autotrophic 3-Hydroxypropionate/4-Hydroxybutyrate Cycle in Sulfolobales
J. Bacteriol., October 15, 2009; 191(20): 6352 - 6362.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
K. Sonoyama, R. Fujiwara, N. Takemura, T. Ogasawara, J. Watanabe, H. Ito, and T. Morita
Response of Gut Microbiota to Fasting and Hibernation in Syrian Hamsters
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 15, 2009; 75(20): 6451 - 6456.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Virol.Home page
K. Tatematsu, Y. Tanaka, F. Kurbanov, F. Sugauchi, S. Mano, T. Maeshiro, T. Nakayoshi, M. Wakuta, Y. Miyakawa, and M. Mizokami
A Genetic Variant of Hepatitis B Virus Divergent from Known Human and Ape Genotypes Isolated from a Japanese Patient and Provisionally Assigned to New Genotype J
J. Virol., October 15, 2009; 83(20): 10538 - 10547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
T. Tada, A. Altun, and S. Yokoyama
Evolutionary replacement of UV vision by violet vision in fish
PNAS, October 13, 2009; 106(41): 17457 - 17462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Phil Trans R Soc BHome page
S. N. Peirson, S. Halford, and R. G. Foster
The evolution of irradiance detection: melanopsin and the non-visual opsins
Phil Trans R Soc B, October 12, 2009; 364(1531): 2849 - 2865.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
G. E. Sims, S.-R. Jun, G. A. Wu, and S.-H. Kim
Whole-genome phylogeny of mammals: Evolutionary information in genic and nongenic regions
PNAS, October 6, 2009; 106(40): 17077 - 17082.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Stat Methods Med ResHome page
T. M. Nye
Modelling the evolution of multi-gene families
Statistical Methods in Medical Research, October 1, 2009; 18(5): 487 - 504.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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J. Gen. Virol.Home page
S. Ghosh, N. Kobayashi, S. Nagashima, and T. N. Naik
Molecular characterization of full-length genomic segment 2 of a bovine picobirnavirus (PBV) strain: evidence for high genetic diversity with genogroup I PBVs
J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2009; 90(10): 2519 - 2524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
N. Parkinson, D. Stead, J. Bew, J. Heeney, L. Tsror (Lahkim), and J. Elphinstone
Dickeya species relatedness and clade structure determined by comparison of recA sequences
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2388 - 2393.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
L.-P. Chen, H.-Y. Xu, S.-Z. Fu, H.-X. Fan, Y.-G. Zhou, and Z.-P. Liu
Lishizhenia tianjinensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2400 - 2403.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
G.-Z. Zhao, J. Li, S. Qin, Y.-Q. Zhang, W.-Y. Zhu, C.-L. Jiang, L.-H. Xu, and W.-J. Li
Micrococcus yunnanensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized Polyspora axillaris roots
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2383 - 2387.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
J. H. Lim, S.-H. Baek, and S.-T. Lee
Ferruginibacter alkalilentus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ferruginibacter lapsinanis sp. nov., novel members of the family 'Chitinophagaceae' in the phylum Bacteroidetes, isolated from freshwater sediment
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2394 - 2399.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
A. S. Lamm, A. Khare, P. Conville, P. C. K. Lau, H. Bergeron, and J. P. N. Rosazza
Nocardia iowensis sp. nov., an organism rich in biocatalytically important enzymes and nitric oxide synthase
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2408 - 2414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
X. Guo, X.-Y. You, L.-J. Liu, J.-Y. Zhang, S.-J. Liu, and C.-Y. Jiang
Alicyclobacillus aeris sp. nov., a novel ferrous- and sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a copper mine
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2415 - 2420.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. Qin, G.-Z. Zhao, J. Li, W.-Y. Zhu, L.-H. Xu, and W.-J. Li
Actinomadura flavalba sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from leaves of Maytenus austroyunnanensis
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2453 - 2457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Cai, S.-K. Tang, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Li, Y.-Q. Zhang, and W.-J. Li
Streptomonospora amylolytica sp. nov. and Streptomonospora flavalba sp. nov., two novel halophilic actinomycetes isolated from a salt lake
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2471 - 2475.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Y.-X. Wang, J.-H. Liu, X.-X. Zhang, Y.-G. Chen, Z.-G. Wang, Y. Chen, Q.-Y. Li, Q. Peng, and X.-L. Cui
Fodinicurvata sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Fodinicurvata fenggangensis sp. nov., poly-{beta}-hydroxybutyrate-producing bacteria in the family Rhodospirillaceae
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2575 - 2581.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Y.-P. Xiao, W. Hui, Q. Wang, S. W. Roh, X.-Q. Shi, J.-H. Shi, and Z.-X. Quan
Pseudomonas caeni sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from the sludge of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bioreactor
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2594 - 2598.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
E. Ben-Dov, D. Z. Ben Yosef, V. Pavlov, and A. Kushmaro
Corynebacterium maris sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the mucus of the coral Fungia granulosa
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2458 - 2463.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
A. P. Rooney, N. P. J. Price, C. Ehrhardt, J. L. Swezey, and J. D. Bannan
Phylogeny and molecular taxonomy of the Bacillus subtilis species complex and description of Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum subsp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2429 - 2436.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S.-Y. Sheu, T. F. Chiu, J.-H. Chou, D.-S. Sheu, A. B. Arun, C.-C. Young, C. A. Chen, J.-T. Wang, and W.-M. Chen
Andreprevotia lacus sp. nov., isolated from a fish-culture pond
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2482 - 2485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S.-Y. Sheu, T. F. Chiu, N.-T. Cho, J.-H. Chou, D.-S. Sheu, A. B. Arun, C.-C. Young, C. A. Chen, J.-T. Wang, and W.-M. Chen
Flectobacillus roseus sp. nov., isolated from freshwater in Taiwan
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2546 - 2551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
C. Sanchez-Porro, M. A. Amoozegar, R. Rohban, M. Hajighasemi, and A. Ventosa
Thalassobacillus cyri sp. nov., a moderately halophilic Gram-positive bacterium from a hypersaline lake
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2565 - 2570.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. Qin, J. Li, Y.-Q. Zhang, W.-Y. Zhu, G.-Z. Zhao, L.-H. Xu, and W.-J. Li
Plantactinospora mayteni gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Micromonosporaceae
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2527 - 2533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Y.-G. Chen, Y.-Q. Zhang, Z.-X. Liu, D.-C. Zhuang, H.-P. Klenk, S.-K. Tang, X.-L. Cui, and W.-J. Li
Halobacillus salsuginis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a subterranean brine
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2505 - 2509.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
J. Xiao, Y. Wang, Y. Luo, S.-J. Xie, J.-S. Ruan, and J. Xu
Streptomyces avicenniae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of the mangrove plant Avicennia mariana
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2624 - 2628.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
J.-H. Chou, Y.-J. Chou, A. B. Arun, C.-C. Young, C. A. Chen, J.-T. Wang, and W.-M. Chen
Vogesella lacus sp. nov., isolated from a soft-shell turtle culture pond
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2009; 59(10): 2629 - 2632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
M. A. Mullins, K. B. Register, D. O. Bayles, C. L. Loving, T. L. Nicholson, S. L. Brockmeier, D. W. Dyer, and G. J. Phillips
Characterization and Comparative Analysis of the Genes Encoding Haemophilus parasuis Outer Membrane Proteins P2 and P5
J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2009; 191(19): 5988 - 6002.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
O. O. Lee, P. Y. Chui, Y. H. Wong, J. R. Pawlik, and P.-Y. Qian
Evidence for Vertical Transmission of Bacterial Symbionts from Adult to Embryo in the Caribbean Sponge Svenzea zeai
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 1, 2009; 75(19): 6147 - 6156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
S. Qin, J. Li, H.-H. Chen, G.-Z. Zhao, W.-Y. Zhu, C.-L. Jiang, L.-H. Xu, and W.-J. Li
Isolation, Diversity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Rare Actinobacteria from Medicinal Plants of Tropical Rain Forests in Xishuangbanna, China
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 1, 2009; 75(19): 6176 - 6186.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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MicrobiologyHome page
M. Teramoto, M. Suzuki, F. Okazaki, A. Hatmanti, and S. Harayama
Oceanobacter-related bacteria are important for the degradation of petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons in the tropical marine environment
Microbiology, October 1, 2009; 155(10): 3362 - 3370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Syst BiolHome page
L. Liu, L. Yu, D. K. Pearl, and S. V. Edwards
Estimating Species Phylogenies Using Coalescence Times among Sequences
Syst Biol, October 1, 2009; 58(5): 468 - 477.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



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