Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 3, 1-18, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
JE Hixson and WM Brown
Restriction endonuclease fragments produced by EcoRI/AvaI or KpnI digestion
and containing the small (12S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes from the
mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of the common chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee,
gorilla, and orangutan were inserted into the plasmids pBR322 or pADD1.
After species verification the inserted fragments were digested with
SauIIIA, subcloned into M13mp7 vectors, and sequenced. The small rRNA gene
sequences were compared with each other and with the published human
sequence (Anderson et al. 1981). Substitutions were detected at 118 of the
955 nucleotide positions compared. Pairwise, the sequence differences
ranged from 1% (between the chimpanzee species) to 9% (comparisons
involving the orangutan); the proportion that were transitions ranged from
87% to 100%. Deletions and/or additions were noted at seven locations. With
respect to evolutionary sequence lability, kinetic analysis indicated the
presence of at least two classes of nucleotide positions; the more labile
class occurs in sequences thought to form self-complementary duplexes
(stems) in the mature rRNA. The high frequency of compensating
substitutions, which maintain base-pairing within these sequences,
corroborates their inferred structure. Phylogenetic inferences drawn from
the sequence comparisons support the notion of an approximately equidistant
relationship among chimpanzees, gorilla, and man, with the orangutan much
less closely related. However, inference from a shared deletion suggests
that the gorilla and the chimpanzees may be more closely related to one
another than they are to man.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A comparison of the small ribosomal RNA genes from the mitochondrial DNA of the great apes and humans: sequence, structure, evolution, and phylogenetic implications
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
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