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MBE Advance Access originally published online on October 19, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007 24(1):19-22; doi:10.1093/molbev/msl154
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Letters

Mitochondrial Diversity of Early-Branching Metazoa Is Revealed by the Complete mt Genome of a Haplosclerid Demosponge

D Erpenbeck*,{dagger},{ddagger}, O Voigt{ddagger}, M Adamski*, M Adamska*, JNA Hooper{dagger}, G Wörheide{ddagger} and BM Degnan*

* School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
{dagger} Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
{ddagger} Department of Geobiology, Geoscience Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

E-mail: b.degnan{at}uq.edu.au.

Accepted for publication October 17, 2006.

The first mitochondrial (mt) genomes of demosponges have recently been sequenced and appear to be markedly different from published eumetazoan mt genomes. Here we show that the mt genome of the haplosclerid demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica has features that it shares with both demosponges and eumetazoans. Although the A. queenslandica mt genome has typical demosponge features, including size, long noncoding regions, and bacterialike rRNA genes, it lacks atp9, which is found in the other demosponges sequenced to date. We found strong evidence of a recent transposon-mediated transfer of atp9 to the nuclear genome. In addition, A. queenslandica bears an incomplete tRNA set, unusual amino acid deletion patterns, and a putative control region. Furthermore, the arrangement of mt rRNA genes differs from that of other demosponges. These genes evolve at significantly higher rates than observed in other demosponges, similar to previously observed nuclear rRNA gene rates in other haplosclerid demosponges.

Key Words: Porifera • sponges • Demospongiae • mitochondrial genome • Metazoa • Amphimedon queenslandica

Billie Swalla, Associate Editor


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