MBE Advance Access originally published online on April 28, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(7):1341-1344; doi:10.1093/molbev/msl001
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Evolution of the Isd11IscS Complex Reveals a Single
-Proteobacterial Endosymbiosis for All Eukaryotes

* School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
E-mail: m.vandergiezen{at}qmul.ac.uk.
Giardia and Trichomonas are eukaryotes without standard mitochondria but contain mitochondrial-type
-proteobacteriumderived ironsulfur cluster (ISC) assembly proteins, located to mitosomes in Giardia and hydrogenosomes in Trichomonas. Although these data suggest a single common endosymbiotic ancestry for mitochondria, mitosomes, and hydrogenosomes, separate origins are still being proposed. Here, we present a bioinformatic analysis of Isd11, a recently described essential component of the mitochondrial ISC assembly pathway. Isd11 is unique to eukaryotes but functions closely with the
-proteobacteriumderived cysteine desulfurase IscS. We demonstrate the presence of homologues of Isd11 in all 5 eukaryotic supergroups sampled, including hydrogenosomal and mitosomal lineages. The eukaryotic invention of Isd11 as a functional partner to IscS directly implies a single shared
-proteobacterial endosymbiotic ancestry for all eukaryotes. This pinpoints the
-proteobacterial endosymbiosis to before the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes without ambiguity.
Key Words: mitochondria mitosome hydrogenosome ironsulfur cluster origin of the eukaryotic cell
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