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MBE Advance Access originally published online on February 1, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(4):838-845; doi:10.1093/molbev/msj103
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Research Article

The Evolutionary Origin of Peroxisomes: An ER-Peroxisome Connection

Agatha Schlüter*,{dagger}, Stéphane Fourcade{dagger}, Raymond Ripp*, Jean Louis Mandel*, Olivier Poch* and Aurora Pujol{dagger},{ddagger}

* Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale/Université Louis Pasteur/Collège de France, Illkirch, France; {dagger} Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Institut de Recerca Oncològica/Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and {ddagger} Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain

E-mail: apujol{at}iro.es.

The peroxisome is an essential eukaryotic organelle, crucial for lipid metabolism and free radical detoxification, development, differentiation, and morphogenesis from yeasts to humans. Loss of peroxisomes invariably leads to fatal peroxisome biogenesis disorders in man. The evolutionary origin of peroxisomes remains unsolved; proposals for either a symbiogenetic or cellular membrane invagination event are unconclusive. To address this question, we have probed with a peroxisomal proteome, an "ensemble" of 19 representative eukaryotic complete genomes. Molecular phylogenetic and sequence comparison tools allowed us to identify four proteins as peroxisomal markers for unequivocal in silico peroxisome detection. We have then detected the Apicomplexa phylum as the first group of organisms devoid of peroxisomes, in the presence of mitochondria. Finally, we deliver evidence against a prokaryotic ancestor of peroxisomes: (1) the peroxisomal membrane is composed of purely eukaryotic bricks and is thus useful to trace the eukaryotes in their evolutionary paths and (2) the peroxisomal matrix protein import system shares mechanistic similarities with the endoplasmic reticulum/proteasome degradation process, indicating a common evolutionary history.

Key Words: peroxisome • endoplasmic reticulum • functional genomics • peroxisomal markers


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