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MBE Advance Access originally published online on October 26, 2005
Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(2):401-410; doi:10.1093/molbev/msj045
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Research Article

Adaptive Loss of an Old Duplicated Gene During Incipient Speciation

Anthony J. Greenberg*, Jennifer R. Moran{dagger}, Shu Fang*,1 and Chung-I Wu*,{dagger}

* Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago; and {dagger} Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago

E-mail: tonyg{at}uchicago.edu.

To probe the role of natural selection in species origin, we performed a DNA polymorphism survey of the Drosophila melanogaster desaturase2 (ds2) locus. ds2 is responsible for a cuticular hydrocarbon difference between two behaviorally isolated races—Zimbabwe (Z) and Cosmopolitan (M). The ds2 allele prevalent in the Z populations is functional, while the allele from the M populations harbors a 16-bp deletion upstream of the gene which knocks out its expression. We find a signature of positive selection in the ds2 promoter, but not in the control gene, sas. This signature appears to be confined to the derived M population. We also find that the selection has been recent because the gene retains a signature of a selective sweep evidenced by the departure of Fay and Wu's H test from neutral expectation. We also find that ds2, as well as its duplicate pair ds1, has been maintained in the Drosophila genus for at least 40 Myr without any sign of adaptive change. Taken together with previous molecular genetic evidence, our results suggest that ds2 is one of the genes responsible for adaptive divergence of the Z and M races of D. melanogaster.

Key Words: desaturase2 • FST • gene duplication • speciation • adaptive evolution


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