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MBE Advance Access originally published online on February 2, 2005
Molecular Biology and Evolution 2005 22(4):1077-1081; doi:10.1093/molbev/msi094
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Molecular Biology and Evolution vol. 22 no. 4 © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2005; all rights reserved.

Research Article

Neandertal Evolutionary Genetics: Mitochondrial DNA Data from the Iberian Peninsula

Carles Lalueza-Fox*,1, María Lourdes Sampietro*, David Caramelli{dagger}, Yvonne Puder*,2, Martina Lari{dagger}, Francesc Calafell*, Cayetana Martínez-Maza{ddagger}, Markus Bastir{ddagger}, Javier Fortea§, Marco de la Rasilla§, Jaume Bertranpetit* and Antonio Rosas{ddagger}

* Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; {dagger} Laboratori di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy; {ddagger} Departamento de Paleobiologia, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; and § Área de Prehistoria, Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

E-mail: clalueza{at}ub.edu.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was retrieved for the first time from a Neandertal from the Iberian Peninsula, excavated from the El Sidrón Cave (Asturias, North of Spain), and dated to ca. 43,000 years ago. The sequence suggests that Iberian Neandertals were not genetically distinct from those of other regions. An estimate of effective population size indicates that the genetic history of the Neandertals was not shaped by an extreme population bottleneck associated with the glacial maximum of 130,000 years ago. A high level of polymorphism at sequence position 16258 reflects deeply rooted mtDNA lineages, with the time to the most recent common ancestor at ca. 250,000 years ago. This coincides with the full emergence of the "classical" Neandertal morphology and fits chronologically with a proposed speciation event of Homo neanderthalensis.

Key Words: human evolution • Neandertals • ancient DNA


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