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MBE Advance Access originally published online on March 24, 2004
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Mol. Biol. Evol. 21(7):1361-1372. 2004
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh135
© 2004 by the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. ISSN: 0737-4038

Research Article

Estimating the Impact of Prehistoric Admixture on the Genome of Europeans

Isabelle Dupanloup*,1, Giorgio Bertorelle*, Lounès Chikhi{dagger} and Guido Barbujani*

* Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
{dagger} UMR Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

E-mail: g.barbujani{at}unife.it.

Abstract

We inferred past admixture processes in the European population from genetic diversity at eight loci, including autosomal, mitochondrial and Y-linked polymorphisms. Admixture coefficients were estimated from multilocus data, assuming that most current populations can be regarded as the result of a hybridization process among four or less potential parental populations. Two main components are apparent in the Europeans' genome, presumably corresponding to the contributions of the first, Paleolithic Europeans, and of the early, Neolithic farmers dispersing from the Near East. In addition, only a small fraction of the European alleles seems to come from North Africa, and a fourth component reflecting gene flow from Northern Asia is largely restricted to the northeast of the continent. The estimated Near Eastern contribution decreases as one moves from east to west, in agreement with the predictions of a model in which (Neolithic) immigrants from the Near East contributed a large share of the alleles in the genome of current Europeans. Several tests suggest that probable departures from the admixture models, due to factors such as choice of the putative parental populations and more complex demographic scenarios, may have affected our main estimates only to a limited extent.

Key Words: human populations • admixture • Europe • Paleolithic • Neolithic


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