MBE Advance Access originally published online on February 12, 2004
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Mol. Biol. Evol. 21(7):1177-1187. 2004
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh082
© 2004 by the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. ISSN: 0737-4038
Research Article |
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Vertebrate Galectin Family
* Laboratoire de Génétique et Développement des Mammifères
Laboratoire de Structure et dynamique des Génomes, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
Department of Biochemistry, Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco
|| Section MIG (Microbiology Immunology Glycobiology), Inst Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
E-mail: houzelstein{at}ijm.jussieu.fr.
Abstract
Galectins form a family of structurally related carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins) that have been identified in a large variety of metazoan phyla. They are involved in many biological processes such as morphogenesis, control of cell death, immunological response, and cancer. To elucidate the evolutionary history of galectins and galectin-like proteins in chordates, we have exploited three independent lines of evidence: (i) location of galectin encoding genes (LGALS) in the human genome; (ii) exon-intron organization of galectin encoding genes; and (iii) sequence comparison of carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of chordate galectins. Our results suggest that a duplication of a mono-CRD galectin gene gave rise to an original bi-CRD galectin gene, before or early in chordate evolution. The N-terminal and C-terminal CRDs of this original galectin subsequently diverged into two different subtypes, defined by exon-intron structure (F4-CRD and F3-CRD). We show that all vertebrate mono-CRD galectins known to date belong to either the F3- or F4- subtype. A sequence of duplication and divergence events of the different galectins in chordates is proposed.
Key Words: galectin • Lgals • vertebrate • chordate • evolution
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