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MBE Advance Access originally published online on February 12, 2004
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Mol. Biol. Evol. 21(4):760-769. 2004
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh074
© 2004 by the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. ISSN: 0737-4038

Genetic Diversity Patterns in the SR-BI/II Locus Can Be Explained by a Recent Selective Sweep

Mireille Le Jossec*, Tina Wambach*, Damian Labuda*,{dagger}, Daniel Sinnett*,{dagger} and Emile Levy*,{ddagger}

* Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
{dagger} Département de Pédiatrie
{ddagger} Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada

E-mail: damian.labuda{at}umontreal.ca.

The human scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI and splice variant SR-BII) plays a central role in HDL cholesterol metabolism and represents a candidate gene for a number of related diseases. We examined the genetic diversity of its coding and flanking regions in a sample of 178 chromosomes from individuals of European, African, East Asian (including Southeast Asian), Middle-Eastern as well as Amerindian descent. Nine of the 14 polymorphisms observed are new. Four of the five variants causing amino acid replacements, G2S, S229G, R484W, and G499R, are likely to affect protein structure and function. SR-BI/BII diversity is partitioned among 19 haplotypes; all but one interconnected by single mutation or a recombination event. Such tight haplotype network and the unusual geographic partitioning of this diversity, high not only in Africa but in East Asia as well, suggests its recent origin and possible effect of selection. Coalescent analysis infers a relatively short time to the most recent common ancestor and points to population expansion in Africa and East Asia. These two continents differ significantly in pairwise FST values, differing as well from a single cluster formed by Europe, Middle East and America. In the context of findings for similarly analyzed other loci, we propose that a selective sweep at the origin of modern human populations could explain the low level of ancestral SR-BI/II diversity. The unusually deep split between Africa and Asia, well beyond the Upper Paleolithic when inferred under neutrality, is consistent with subsequent geographical and demographic expansion favoring the accumulation of new variants, especially in groups characterized by large effective population sizes, such as Asians and Africans. The relevance of such partitioning of SR-BI/II diversity remains to be investigated in genetic epidemiological studies which can be guided by the present findings.

Key Words: human populations • genetic diversity • scavenger receptor gene • coalescence analysis


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