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Mol. Biol. Evol. 20(8):1271-1280. 2003
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg133
© 2003 by the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. ISSN: 0737-4038

Three Neuropeptide Y Receptor Genes in the Spiny Dogfish, Squalus acanthias, Support en Bloc Duplications in Early Vertebrate Evolution

Erik Salaneck*, David H. Ardell{dagger}, Earl T. Larson* and Dan Larhammar*,

* Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Pharmacology
{dagger} Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

E-mail: dan.larhammar{at}neuro.uu.se.

It has been debated whether the increase in gene number during early vertebrate evolution was due to multiple independent gene duplications or synchronous duplications of many genes. We describe here the cloning of three neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor genes belonging to the Y1 subfamily in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, a cartilaginous fish. The three genes are orthologs of the mammalian subtypes Y1, Y4, and Y6, which are located in paralogous gene regions on different chromosomes in mammals. Thus, these genes arose by duplications of a chromosome region before the radiation of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Estimates of duplication times from linearized trees together with evidence from other gene families supports two rounds of chromosome duplications or tetraploidizations early in vertebrate evolution. The anatomical distribution of mRNA was determined by reverse-transcriptase PCR and was found to differ from mammals, suggesting differential functional diversification of the new gene copies during the radiation of the vertebrate classes.

Key Words: neuropeptide Y • G protein–coupled receptor • 2R hypothesis • linearized tree • gnathostome • chondrichthyes • Squalus acanthias


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