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MBE Advance Access originally published online on March 5, 2003
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Mol. Biol. Evol. 20(4):528-540. 2003
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg055
© 2003 by the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. ISSN: 0737-4038

Formation of Solo-LTRs Through Unequal Homologous Recombination Counterbalances Amplifications of LTR Retrotransposons in Rice Oryza sativa L.

C. Vitte and O. Panaud

Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris XI, Orsay Cedex, France

We studied the dynamics of hopi, Retrosat1, and RIRE3, three gypsy-like long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, in Oryza sativa L. genome. For each family, we assessed the phenetic relationships of the copies and estimated the date of insertion of the complete copies through the evaluation of their LTR divergence. We show that within each family, distinct phenetic groups have inserted at significantly different times, within the past 5 Myr and that two major amplification events may have occurred during this period. We show that solo-LTR formation through homologous unequal recombination has occurred in rice within the past 5 Myr for the three elements. We thus propose an increase/decrease model for rice genome evolution, in which both amplification and recombination processes drive variations in genome size.

Key Words: Oryza sativa • genome evolution • LTR retrotransposon • solo-LTR


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