Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:815-824 (2002)
© 2002 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
1,4-Fucosyltransferase Activity: A Significant Function in the Primate Lineage has Appeared Twice Independently
*Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Biotechnologie, EA 3176, Institut des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Limoges Cedex, France;
Glycobiologie, INSERM U504, Université Paris XI, Villejuif Cedex, France;
Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France;
Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Animale, UMR-INRA 1061, Institut des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Limoges Cedex, France
In the animal kingdom the enzymes that catalyze the formation of 
1,4 fucosylated–glycoconjugates are known only in apes (chimpanzee) and humans. They are encoded by FUT3 and FUT5 genes, two members of the Lewis FUT5-FUT3-FUT6 gene cluster, which had originated by duplications of an 3 ancestor gene. In order to explore more precisely the emergence of the 1,4 fucosylation, new Lewis-like fucosyltransferase genes were studied in species belonging to the three main primate groups. Two Lewis-like genes were found in brown and ruffed lemurs (prosimians) as well as in squirrel monkey (New World monkey). In the latter, one gene encodes an enzyme which transfers fucose only in 1,3 linkage, whereas the other is a pseudogene. Three genes homologous to chimpanzee and human Lewis genes were identified in rhesus macaque (Old World monkey), and only one encodes an 3/4-fucosyltransferase. The ability of new primate enzymes to transfer fucose in 1,3 or 1,3/4 linkage confirms that the amino acid R or W in the acceptor-binding motif "HH(R/W)(D/E)" is required for the type 1/type 2 acceptor specificity. Expression of rhesus macaque genes proved that fucose transfer in 1,4 linkage is not restricted to the hominoid family and may be extended to other Old World monkeys. Moreover, the presence of only one enzyme supporting the 1,4 fucosylation in rhesus macaque versus two enzymes in hominoids suggests that this function occurred twice independently during primate evolution.
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