Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:1656-1671 (2002)
© 2002 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Molecular Phylogeny of Living Xenarthrans and the Impact of Character and Taxon Sampling on the Placental Tree Rooting
||¶
*Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Paléobiologie et Phylogénie, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France;
Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University of Belfast;
Department of Biology, University of California;
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
||Bioinformatics, GlaxoSmithKline, Pennsylvania;
¶Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics, University of Amsterdam
Extant xenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters and sloths) are among the most derived placental mammals ever evolved. South America was the cradle of their evolutionary history. During the Tertiary, xenarthrans experienced an extraordinary radiation, whereas South America remained isolated from other continents. The 13 living genera are relicts of this earlier diversification and represent one of the four major clades of placental mammals. Sequences of the three independent protein-coding nuclear markers 
2B adrenergic receptor (ADRA2B), breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA1), and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) were determined for 12 of the 13 living xenarthran genera. Comparative evolutionary dynamics of these nuclear exons using a likelihood framework revealed contrasting patterns of molecular evolution. All codon positions of BRCA1 were shown to evolve in a strikingly similar manner, and third codon positions appeared less saturated within placentals than those of ADRA2B and VWF. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of a 47 placental taxa data set rooted by three marsupial outgroups resolved the phylogeny of Xenarthra with some evidence for two radiation events in armadillos and provided a strongly supported picture of placental interordinal relationships. This topology was fully compatible with recent studies, dividing placentals into the Southern Hemisphere clades Afrotheria and Xenarthra and a monophyletic Northern Hemisphere clade (Boreoeutheria) composed of Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires. Partitioned likelihood statistical tests of the position of the root, under different character partition schemes, identified three almost equally likely hypotheses for early placental divergences: a basal Afrotheria, an Afrotheria + Xenarthra clade, or a basal Xenarthra (Epitheria hypothesis). We took advantage of the extensive sampling realized within Xenarthra to assess its impact on the location of the root on the placental tree. By resampling taxa within Xenarthra, the conservative Shimodaira-Hasegawa likelihood-based test of alternative topologies was shown to be sensitive to both character and taxon sampling.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. C. Brandley, D. L. Warren, A. D. Leache, and J. A. McGuire Homoplasy and Clade Support Syst Biol, June 29, 2009; (2009) syp019v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Churakov, J. O. Kriegs, R. Baertsch, A. Zemann, J. Brosius, and J. Schmitz Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals Genome Res., May 1, 2009; 19(5): 868 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Nishihara, S. Maruyama, and N. Okada Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of mammals PNAS, March 31, 2009; 106(13): 5235 - 5240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. Prasad, M. W. Allard, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, and E. D. Green Confirming the Phylogeny of Mammals by Use of Large Comparative Sequence Data Sets Mol. Biol. Evol., September 1, 2008; 25(9): 1795 - 1808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Springer, R. W. Meredith, E. Eizirik, E. Teeling, and W. J. Murphy Morphology and Placental Mammal Phylogeny Syst Biol, June 1, 2008; 57(3): 499 - 503. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Moller-Krull, F. Delsuc, G. Churakov, C. Marker, M. Superina, J. Brosius, E. J. P. Douzery, and J. Schmitz Retroposed Elements and Their Flanking Regions Resolve the Evolutionary History of Xenarthran Mammals (Armadillos, Anteaters, and Sloths) Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2007; 24(11): 2573 - 2582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Putz, B. Dupuis, M. Sissler, and C. Florentz Mamit-tRNA, a database of mammalian mitochondrial tRNA primary and secondary structures RNA, August 1, 2007; 13(8): 1184 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. Murphy, T. H. Pringle, T. A. Crider, M. S. Springer, and W. Miller Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny Genome Res., April 1, 2007; 17(4): 413 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Townsend Profiling Phylogenetic Informativeness Syst Biol, April 1, 2007; 56(2): 222 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Blanquart and N. Lartillot A Bayesian Compound Stochastic Process for Modeling Nonstationary and Nonhomogeneous Sequence Evolution Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2006; 23(11): 2058 - 2071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kullberg, M. A. Nilsson, U. Arnason, E. H. Harley, and A. Janke Housekeeping Genes for Phylogenetic Analysis of Eutherian Relationships Mol. Biol. Evol., August 1, 2006; 23(8): 1493 - 1503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Redi, H. Zacharias, S. Merani, M. Oliveira-Miranda, M. Aguilera, M. Zuccotti, S. Garagna, and E. Capanna Genome Sizes in Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Euarchontoglires, and Laurasiatheria J. Hered., September 1, 2005; 96(5): 485 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. R. Holland, F. Delsuc, V. Moulton, and A. Baker Visualizing Conflicting Evolutionary Hypotheses in Large Collections of Trees: Using Consensus Networks to Study the Origins of Placentals and Hexapods Syst Biol, February 1, 2005; 54(1): 66 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gibson, V. Gowri-Shankar, P. G. Higgs, and M. Rattray A Comprehensive Analysis of Mammalian Mitochondrial Genome Base Composition and Improved Phylogenetic Methods Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2005; 22(2): 251 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Phillips, F. Delsuc, and D. Penny Genome-Scale Phylogeny and the Detection of Systematic Biases Mol. Biol. Evol., July 1, 2004; 21(7): 1455 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Reyes, C. Gissi, F. Catzeflis, E. Nevo, G. Pesole, and C. Saccone Congruent Mammalian Trees from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes Using Bayesian Methods Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2004; 21(2): 397 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Douady, F. Delsuc, Y. Boucher, W. F. Doolittle, and E. J. P. Douzery Comparison of Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap Measures of Phylogenetic Reliability Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2003; 20(2): 248 - 254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|