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Molecular Biology and Evolution 18:848-857 (2001)
© 2001 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

ARTICLE

Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of TRAS, Telomeric Repeat-Specific Non-LTR Retrotransposon Families in Lepidopteran Insects

Yoko Kubo, Satoshi Okazaki, Tomohiro Anzai and Haruhiko Fujiwara2,

Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

TRAS1 is a non-LTR retrotransposon inserted specifically into the telomeric repeat (TTAGG)n in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. To characterize the evolutionary origin of TRAS-like elements, we identified seven TRAS families (TRAS3, TRAS4, TRAS5, TRAS6, TRASY, TRASZ, and TRASW) from B. mori and four elements from two Lepidoptera, Dictyoploca japonica (TRASDJ) and Samia cynthia ricini (TRASSC3, TRASSC4, and TRASSC9). More than 2,000 copies of various Bombyx TRAS elements accumulated within (TTAGG)n sequences as unusual but orderly tandem repeats. The 5' and 3' regions were highly conserved within each class of Bombyx TRAS elements without truncation. This suggests that distinct classes of TRAS have been maintained independently by retrotransposition into (TTAGG)n. The phylogenetic tree of site-specific retroelements showed that nine TRAS families in Lepidoptera constitute a single phylogenetic group that is closely related to the R1 family that inserts specifically into arthropod 28S rDNA. The higher amino acid sequence identity from endonuclease (EN) to reverse transcriptase (RT) domains between TRAS groups (about 37%–70%) than among TRAS elements and R1Bm (about 25%–30%), may reflect the presence of some DNA structure responsible for their target specificity. Sequence comparison from EN to RT domains among non-LTR elements revealed several regions conserved only within TRAS elements. We found a highly conserved region that resembles the Myb-like DNA-binding structure, between the EN and RT domains. These regions may be involved in site-specific integration of TRAS elements into the (TTAGG)n telomeric repeats.


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