Molecular Biology and Evolution 18:710-720 (2001)
© 2001 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
ARTICLE |
Pyruvate : NADP Oxidoreductase from the Mitochondrion of Euglena gracilis and from the Apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum: A Biochemical Relic Linking Pyruvate Metabolism in Mitochondriate and Amitochondriate Protists
Institut für Botanik III, Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany;
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, David Axelrod Institute, Albany, New York
Most eukaryotes perform the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in mitochondria using pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Eukaryotes that lack mitochondria also lack PDH, using instead the O2-sensitive enzyme pyruvate : ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), which is localized either in the cytosol or in hydrogenosomes. The facultatively anaerobic mitochondria of the photosynthetic protist Euglena gracilis constitute a hitherto unique exception in that these mitochondria oxidize pyruvate with the O2-sensitive enzyme pyruvate : NADP oxidoreductase (PNO). Cloning and analysis of Euglena PNO revealed that the cDNA encodes a mitochondrial transit peptide followed by an N-terminal PFO domain that is fused to a C-terminal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) domain. Two independent 5.8-kb full-size cDNAs for Euglena mitochondrial PNO were isolated; the gene was expressed in cultures supplied with 2% CO2 in air and with 2% CO2 in N2. The apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum was also shown to encode and express the same PFO-CPR fusion, except that, unlike E. gracilis, no mitochondrial transit peptide for C. parvum PNO was found. Recombination-derived remnants of PNO are conserved in the genomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe as proteins involved in sulfite reduction. Notably, Trypanosoma brucei was found to encode homologs of both PFO and all four PDH subunits. Gene organization and phylogeny revealed that eukaryotic nuclear genes for mitochondrial, hydrogenosomal, and cytosolic PFO trace to a single eubacterial acquisition. These findings suggest a common ancestry of PFO in amitochondriate protists with Euglena mitochondrial PNO and Cryptosporidium PNO. They are also consistent with the view that eukaryotic PFO domains are biochemical relics inherited from a facultatively anaerobic, eubacterial ancestor of mitochondria and hydrogenosomes.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Lantsman, K. S. W. Tan, M. Morada, and N. Yarlett Biochemical characterization of a mitochondrial-like organelle from Blastocystis sp. subtype 7 Microbiology, September 1, 2008; 154(9): 2757 - 2766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Mentel and W. Martin Energy metabolism among eukaryotic anaerobes in light of Proterozoic ocean chemistry Phil Trans R Soc B, August 27, 2008; 363(1504): 2717 - 2729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Martin Embley Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes Phil Trans R Soc B, June 29, 2006; 361(1470): 1055 - 1067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Atteia, R. van Lis, G. Gelius-Dietrich, A. Adrait, J. Garin, J. Joyard, N. Rolland, and W. Martin Pyruvate Formate-lyase and a Novel Route of Eukaryotic ATP Synthesis in Chlamydomonas Mitochondria J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 2006; 281(15): 9909 - 9918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hoffmeister, M. Piotrowski, U. Nowitzki, and W. Martin Mitochondrial trans-2-Enoyl-CoA Reductase of Wax Ester Fermentation from Euglena gracilis Defines a New Family of Enzymes Involved in Lipid Synthesis J. Biol. Chem., February 11, 2005; 280(6): 4329 - 4338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hoffmeister, A. van der Klei, C. Rotte, K. W. A. van Grinsven, J. J. van Hellemond, K. Henze, A. G. M. Tielens, and W. Martin Euglena gracilis Rhodoquinone:Ubiquinone Ratio and Mitochondrial Proteome Differ under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions J. Biol. Chem., May 21, 2004; 279(21): 22422 - 22429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Abrahamsen, T. J. Templeton, S. Enomoto, J. E. Abrahante, G. Zhu, C. A. Lancto, M. Deng, C. Liu, G. Widmer, S. Tzipori, et al. Complete Genome Sequence of the Apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum Science, April 16, 2004; 304(5669): 441 - 445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Ebenau-Jehle, M. Boll, and G. Fuchs 2-Oxoglutarate:NADP+ Oxidoreductase in Azoarcus evansii: Properties and Function in Electron Transfer Reactions in Aromatic Ring Reduction J. Bacteriol., October 15, 2003; 185(20): 6119 - 6129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Theissen, M. Hoffmeister, M. Grieshaber, and W. Martin Single Eubacterial Origin of Eukaryotic Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase, a Mitochondrial Enzyme Conserved from the Early Evolution of Eukaryotes During Anoxic and Sulfidic Times Mol. Biol. Evol., September 1, 2003; 20(9): 1564 - 1574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-M. Chen, J. S. Keithly, C. V. Paya, and N. F. LaRusso Cryptosporidiosis N. Engl. J. Med., May 30, 2002; 346(22): 1723 - 1731. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. J. Nixon, A. Wang, J. Field, H. G. Morrison, A. G. McArthur, M. L. Sogin, B. J. Loftus, and J. Samuelson Evidence for Lateral Transfer of Genes Encoding Ferredoxins, Nitroreductases, NADH Oxidase, and Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 from Anaerobic Prokaryotes to Giardialamblia and Entamoebahistolytica Eukaryot. Cell, April 1, 2002; 1(2): 181 - 190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. S. Adagu, D. Nolder, D. C. Warhurst, and J.-F. Rossignol In vitro activity of nitazoxanide and related compounds against isolates of Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis J. Antimicrob. Chemother., January 1, 2002; 49(1): 103 - 111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|