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Molecular Biology and Evolution 17:1446-1455 (2000)
© 2000 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution


ARTICLE

Maximum-Likelihood Analysis of Molecular Adaptation in Abalone Sperm Lysin Reveals Variable Selective Pressures Among Lineages and Sites

Ziheng Yang2,*, Willie J. Swanson{dagger} and Victor D. Vacquier{ddagger}

*Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London, England;
{dagger}Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; and
{ddagger}Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California

Maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution were used to analyze sperm lysin genes of 25 abalone (Haliotis) species to identify lineages and amino acid sites under diversifying selection. The models used the nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratio ({omega} = dN/dS) as an indicator of selective pressure and allowed the ratio to vary among lineages or sites. Likelihood ratio tests suggested significant variation in selective pressure among lineages. The variable selective pressure provided an explanation for the previous observation that the {omega} ratio is >1 in comparisons of closely related species and <1 in comparisons of distantly related species. Computer simulations demonstrated that saturation of nonsynonymous substitutions and constraint on lysin structure were unlikely to account for the observed pattern. Lineages linking closely related sympatric species appeared to be under diversifying selection, while lineages separating distantly related species from different geographic locations were associated with low evolutionary rates. The selective pressure indicated by the {omega} ratio was found to vary greatly among amino acid sites in lysin. Sites under potential diversifying selection were identified. Ancestral lysins were inferred to trace the route of evolution at individual sites and to provide lysin sequences for future laboratory studies.


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