Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 1280-1291, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
DS Horner, RP Hirt and TM Embley
The iron sulfur protein pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO) is
central to energy metabolism in amitochondriate eukaryotes, including those
with hydrogenosomes. Thus, revealing the evolutionary history of PFO is
critical to understanding the origin(s) of eukaryote anaerobic energy
metabolism. We determined a complete PFO sequence for Spironucleus
barkhanus, a large fragment of a PFO sequence from Clostridium
pasteurianum, and a fragment of a new PFO from Giardia lamblia.
Phylogenetic analyses of eubacterial and eukaryotic PFO genes suggest a
complex history for PFO, including possible gene duplications and
horizontal transfers among eubacteria. Our analyses favor a common origin
for eukaryotic cytosolic and hydrogenosomal PFOs from a single eubacterial
source, rather than from separate horizontal transfers as previously
suggested. However, with the present sampling of genes and species, we were
unable to infer a specific eubacterial sister group for eukaryotic PFO.
Thus, we find no direct support for the published hypothesis that the donor
of eukaryote PFO was the common alpha- proteobacterial ancestor of
mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. We also report that several fungi and
protists encode proteins with PFO domains that are likely monophyletic with
PFOs from anaerobic protists. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PFO domains
combine with fragments of other redox proteins to form fusion proteins
which participate in methionine biosynthesis. Our results are consistent
with the view that PFO, an enzyme previously considered to be specific to
energy metabolism in amitochondriate protists, was present in the common
ancestor of contemporary eukaryotes and was retained, wholly or in part,
during the evolution of oxygen-dependent and mitochondrion-bearing
lineages.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A single eubacterial origin of eukaryotic pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase genes: implications for the evolution of anaerobic eukaryotes
Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, England.
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