Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 1256-1269, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
AC Drew, DJ Minchella, LT King, D Rollinson and PJ Brindley
As in other eukaryotes, a substantial portion of the genome of the human
blood flukes belonging to the genus Schistosoma appears to be composed of
mobile genetic elements and other repetitive sequences. The constitutent
elements and their relative organization are not well understood, although
retroposons (the SM alpha elements) and a family of non-long terminal
repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (the SR1 elements) have been reported from
the genome of Schistosoma mansoni. Here, we report the presence of a second
family of non-LTR retrotransposons from S. mansoni which we have termed the
SR2 elements. SR2 elements are members of a recently described lineage of
non-LTR retrotransposons typified by the RTE-1 non-LTR retrotransposon of
Caenorhabditis elegans. We determined the sequence for approximately 3.9 kb
of a consensus full-length SR2 element, which included a long 5'
untranslated region (UTR), potential first and second open reading frames
(ORFs) of 78 and 1,018 amino acid residues, respectively, a short 3' UTR,
and an A-rich 3' terminus. SR2 elements were bound by target site
duplications. The putative first and second ORFs did not overlap. The
second ORF was homologous to retroviral pol and encoded an
apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and a reverse transcriptase. A number of
extremely short SR2 elements of less than 0.5 kb, reminiscent of SINEs,
were also characterized. These consisted solely of the 5' and 3' UTRs of
full-length SR2 elements, having both ORFs deleted. Analysis indicated that
these SINE-like SR2 elements were produced by replication of a SINE-like
SR2 element, rather than by repeated deletions within larger SR2 elements.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
SR2 elements, non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons of the RTE-1 lineage from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
Molecular Parasitology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. a.drew@nhm.ac.uk
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