Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 856-867, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
S OOta and N Saitou
Muscle tissues can be divided into six classes; smooth, fast skeletal, slow
skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues for vertebrates, and striated and
smooth muscle tissues for invertebrates. We reconstructed phylogenetic
trees of six protein genes that are expressed in muscle tissues and, using
a newly developed program, inferred the phylogeny of muscle tissues by
superimposition of five of those gene trees. The proteins used are troponin
C, myosin essential light chain, myosin regulatory light chain, myosin
heavy chain, actin, and muscle regulatory factor (MRF) families. Our
results suggest that the emergence of skeletal-cardiac muscle type tissues
preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA), while
vertebrate smooth muscle seemed to evolve independent of other muscles. In
addition, skeletal muscle is not monophyletic, but cardiac and slow
skeletal muscles make a cluster. Furthermore, arthropod striated muscle,
urochordate smooth muscle, and vertebrate muscles except for smooth muscle
share a common ancestor. On the other hand, arthropod nonmuscle and
vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle share a common ancestor.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phylogenetic relationship of muscle tissues deduced from superimposition of gene trees
Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.
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