Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 544-552, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
K Aso, M Kato, JA Banks and M Hasebe
The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) genes encode transcription factors
that are characterized by the presence of both a homeodomain and a leucine
zipper motif. They belong to the homeobox gene superfamily and have been
reported only from flowering plants. This article is the first report on
the ferm HD-Zip genes (named Crhb1- Crhb11) isolated from the homosporous
ferm Ceratopteris richardii. Phylogenetic analyses of the II Crhb genes
with previously reported angiosperm HD-Zip genes show that the Crhb genes
belong to three of the four different angiosperm HD-Zip subfamilies (HD-Zip
I, II, and IV), indicating that these subfamilies of HD-Zip genes
originated before the diversification of the ferm and seed plant lineages.
The Crhb4-Crhb8 and Crhb11 genes belong to the HD-Zip I subfamily but
differ from angiosperm HD-Zip I genes by the presence of a seven-amino-acid
indel in the leucine zipper motif. By the northern analyses, Crhb1 and
Crhb3 were expressed only in gametophyte tissue. Expression of Crhb2 and
Crhb11 genes could not be detected in any tissue examined, while all other
Crhb genes were expressed in most sporophytic and gametophytic tissues.
Although the functions of the Crhb genes in Ceratopteris are unknown, their
patterns of expression suggest that they regulate developmental or
physiological processes common to both the gametophyte and the sporophyte
generations of the fern. Differences in the expression of Crhb1 between
male gametophytes and male-hermaphrodite mixed populations of gametophytes
suggests that the Crhb1 gene is involved in gametophytic sex determination.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterization of homeodomain-leucine zipper genes in the fern Ceratopteris richardii and the evolution of the homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family in vascular plants
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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