Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 525-543, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
KG Ross, DD Shoemaker, MJ Krieger, CJ DeHeer and L Keller
We used 30 genetic markers of 6 different classes to describe hierarchical
genetic structure in introduced populations of the fire ant Solenopsis
invicta. These included four classes of presumably neutral nuclear loci
(allozymes, codominant random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs),
microsatellites, and dominant RAPDs), a class comprising two linked
protein-coding nuclear loci under selection, and a marker of the
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Patterns of structure revealed by F statistics
and exact tests of differentiation were highly concordant among the four
classes of neutral nuclear markers, although the microsatellites were the
most effective markers for detecting structure. The results from the mtDNA
complemented those from the neutral nuclear markers by revealing that
strong limitations to female- mediated gene flow were the cause of the
local structure registered by the nuclear markers. The pattern of structure
inferred from the selected nuclear loci was markedly different from the
patterns derived from the other sets of markers but was predictable on the
basis of the presumed mode of selection acting on these loci. In general,
the results for all six classes of markers can be explained by known
features of the social and reproductive biology of fire ants. Thus, the
results from these diverse sets of markers, combined with detailed natural
history data, provide an unusually complete picture of how the fundamental
evolutionary forces of gene flow, drift, and selection govern the
distribution of genetic variation within and between fire ant populations.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Assessing genetic structure with multiple classes of molecular markers: a case study involving the introduced fire ant Solenopsis invicta
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2603, USA. kenross@arches.uga.edu
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