Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 429-440, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
RM Figge, M Schubert, H Brinkmann and R Cerff
Cyanobacteria contain up to three highly divergent glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes: gap1, gap2, and gap3. Genes gap1 and
gap2 are closely related at the sequence level to the nuclear genes
encoding cytosolic and chloroplast GAPDH of higher plants and have recently
been shown to play distinct key roles in catabolic and anabolic carbon
flow, respectively, of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.
PCC6803. In the present study, sequences of 10 GAPDH genes distributed
across the cyanobacteria Prochloron didemni, Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421,
and Synechococcus PCC7942 and the alpha- proteobacterium Paracoccus
denitrificans and the beta-proteobacterium Ralstonia solanacearum were
determined. Prochloron didemni possesses homologs to the gap2 and gap3
genes from Anabaena, Gloeobacter harbors gap1 and gap2 homologs, and
Synechococcus possesses gap1, gap2, and gap3. Paracoccus harbors two highly
divergent gap genes that are related to gap3, and Ralstonia possesses a
homolog of the gap1 gene. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences in the
context of other eubacterial and eukaryotic GAPDH genes reveal that
divergence across eubacterial gap1, and gap2, and gap3 genes is greater
than that between eubacterial gap1 and eukaroytic glycolytic GapC or
between eubacterial gap2 and eukaryotic Calvin cycle GapAB. These data
strongly support previous analyses which suggested that eukaryotes acquired
their nuclear genes for GapC and GapAB via endosymbiotic gene transfer from
the antecedents of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and extend the known
range of sequence diversity of the antecedent eubacterial genes. Analyses
of available GAPDH sequences from other eubacterial sources indicate that
the glycosomal gap gene from trypanosomes (cytosolic in Euglena) and the
gap gene from the spirochete Treponema pallidum are each other's closest
relatives. This specific relationship can therefore not reflect organismal
evolution but must be the result of an interkingdom gene transfer, the
direction of which cannot be determined with certainty at present. Contrary
to this, the origin of the cytosolic Gap gene from trypanosomes can now be
clearly defined as gamma-proteobacterial, since the newly established
Ralstonia sequence (beta-proteobacteria) branches basally to the gamma-
proteobacterial/trypanosomal assemblage.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene diversity in eubacteria and eukaryotes: evidence for intra- and inter-kingdom gene transfer
Institut fur Genetik, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Germany.
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