Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 266-274, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
MD Rausher, RE Miller and P Tiffin
The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is responsible for the production of
anthocyanin pigments in plant tissues and shares a number of enzymes with
other biochemical pathways. The six core structural genes of this pathway
have been cloned and characterized in two taxonomically diverse plant
species (maize and snapdragon). We have recently cloned these genes for a
third species, the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea. This additional
information provides an opportunity to examine patterns of evolution among
genes within a single biochemical pathway. We report here that upstream
genes in the anthocyanin pathway have evolved substantially more slowly
than downstream genes and suggest that this difference in evolutionary
rates may be explained by upstream genes being more constrained because
they participate in several different biochemical pathways. In addition,
regulatory genes associated with the anthocyanin pathway tend to evolve
more rapidly than the structural genes they regulate, suggesting that
adaptive evolution of flower color may be mediated more by regulatory than
by structural genes. Finally, for individual anthocyanin genes, we found an
absence of rate heterogeneity among three major angiosperm lineages. This
rate constancy contrasts with an accelerated rate of evolution of three
CHS- like genes in the Ipomoea lineage, indicating that these three genes
have diverged without coordinated adjustment by other pathway genes.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Patterns of evolutionary rate variation among genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway
Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708- 0325, USA. mrausher@duke.edu
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