Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 1535-1547, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
A Wierinckx, D Mercier, A Oulmouden, JM Petit and R Julien
The futb gene, which encodes the first bovine alpha 3- fucosyltransferase
described, consists of five exons (a, b, c, d, and e), the first four being
located upstream of the coding exon e. Together with the four introns (i1,
i2, i3, and i4) they span a DNA genomic sequence of about 10 kb. futb is
expressed as four tissue- specific transcripts differing by their
5'-untranslated (5'-UT) regions, but only one transcript includes all
exons, while the other three begin at internal sites of exon c. A short
sequence of the latter is homologous to distinct 5'-UT exons of FUT6 (alpha
3-fucosylation) and FUT3 (alpha 4-fucosylation), two human genes whose
coding sequences are homologous to coding exon e of futb. Upstream and
downstream, the exon c intronic regions of the bovine gene are homologous
to 5'-UT exons of human FUT3 (exon B) and FUT6 (exons A, B, and C). Thus,
exon c appears to be the most ancestral 5'-UT exon known among these alpha
3- fucosyltransferase genes. Interestingly, distribution of short
interspersed nuclear elements in the i3 intron adjacent to exon c reveals
that two repeat sequences are joined to form a reverse- transcriptase-like
encoding sequence highly homologous to an open reading frame located at the
3' end of the bovine gamma globin gene. This organization suggests that
duplication events that have generated the primate FUT3-FUT5-FUT6 cluster
might have occurred through a long- interspersed-nuclear-element-based
mechanism of unequal crossing over, as described for the globin cluster.
Complete organization of the bovine futb gene reveals that in addition to
duplication events, the lineage leading to primate FUT3, FUT5, and FUT6
genes results from rearrangements of intronic sequences which have created
for each new gene specific regulatory 5'-UT exonic sequences.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Complete genomic organization of futb encoding a bovine alpha 3- fucosyltransferase: exons in human orthologous genes emerged from ancestral intronic sequences
Unite de Genetique Moleculaire Animale (Universite/INRA), Universite de Limoges, France.
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