Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 1439-1456, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
A Amador and E Juan
The sequence of the genomic region that contains the Adh and Adhr genes of
Drosophila funebris was used to demonstrate that both genes are present in
species of the funebris group. The sequence of this genomic region reveals
a 2.9-kb tandem duplication which encompasses 1.6 kb of the 5' flanking
region, the entire Adh gene, and two thirds of the first exon of the Adhr
gene in D. funebris. This duplication is not fixed in this species since
some strains do not carry the duplication. The Adh duplication has also
been found in another species of the funebris group, Drosophila macrospina
macrospina. The sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the Adh gene
indicates a single promoter and shows stretches of high similarity with
cis-acting elements responsible for the expression of Adh in Drosophila
melanogaster. In confirmation of this indication, the larval and adult
transcripts have the same length, which corresponds to the transcription
from the promoter proximal to the coding region. The codon bias of the Adh
gene of D. funebris is among the lowest reported for any Adh gene in the
Drosophilidae species and is very similar to that of the Adhr gene. The
Adhr gene evolves slightly faster than Adh at synonymous positions. At
nonsynonymous positions, the Adh gene evolves 2.5 times faster than Adhr in
the species pair D. funebris-Drosophila immigrans, while in other
interspecific comparisons the average is about 1.25. However, in
comparisons between some species within the melanogaster and obscura
groups, Adh evolves at half the rate of Adhr. The phylogenetic trees
constructed with the coding region of the Adh gene cluster D. funebris and
D. immigrans and clearly separate them from the clade in which virilis,
repleta, and Hawaiian species are grouped. Using the evolutionary
synonymous rate estimated for Hawaiian species, the divergence time of D.
funebris from the virilis-repleta-Hawaiian clade was estimated as 34.3 Myr,
and the divergence time of D. funebris and D. immigrans was estimated as
23.5 Myr.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Nonfixed duplication containing the Adh gene and a truncated form of the Adhr gene in the Drosophila funebris species group: different modes of evolution of Adh relative to Adhr in Drosophila
Departament de Genetica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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