Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 1427-1438, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
JN Volff, C Korting, K Sweeney and M Schartl
Rex3, the first reverse transcriptase (RT)-encoding retrotransposon
isolated from the melanoma fish model Xiphophorus, is a non-long-
terminal-repeat element related to the RTE family. The essential features
of Rex3 are (1) an endonuclease and a reverse transcriptase, (2) 5'
truncations of most of the copies, (3) a 3' tail consisting of tandem
repeats of the sequence GATG, and (4) short target site sequence
duplications of variable length. Compilation of Rex3 sequences from the
pufferfish genome project suggested that, as observed for other members of
the RTE family, no additional large open reading frame was present upstream
of the endonuclease/reverse transcriptase open reading frame. There are
about a thousand copies of Rex3 in the haploid genome of Xiphophorus, some
of them probably resulting from recent retrotransposition events. Rex3 RNA
was detected by RT-PCR in melanoma and in nontumorous tissues, as well as
in melanoma-derived and embryonic cell lines. Rex3 is present in a broad
panel of teleost species and was found in the promoter region and in
introns of various genes. To our knowledge, Rex3 is the first autonomous
retrotransposon described to date which is widespread in teleosts. This
wide distribution and occasional association with coding sequences may
confer on Rex3 a predisposition to play a role in genome evolution in
teleosts.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The non-LTR retrotransposon Rex3 from the fish Xiphophorus is widespread among teleosts
Biocenter, University of Wurzburg, Germany. volff@biozentrum.uni- wuerzburg.de
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