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Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 37-48, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution


ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies

HJ Bandelt, P Forster and A Rohl
Mathematisches Seminar, Universitat Hamburg, Germany.

Reconstructing phylogenies from intraspecific data (such as human mitochondrial DNA variation) is often a challenging task because of large sample sizes and small genetic distances between individuals. The resulting multitude of plausible trees is best expressed by a network which displays alternative potential evolutionary paths in the form of cycles. We present a method ("median joining" [MJ]) for constructing networks from recombination-free population data that combines features of Kruskal's algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees by favoring short connections, and Farris's maximum-parsimony (MP) heuristic algorithm, which sequentially adds new vertices called "median vectors", except that our MJ method does not resolve ties. The MJ method is hence closely related to the earlier approach of Foulds, Hendy, and Penny for estimating MP trees but can be adjusted to the level of homoplasy by setting a parameter epsilon. Unlike our earlier reduced median (RM) network method, MJ is applicable to multistate characters (e.g., amino acid sequences). An additional feature is the speed of the implemented algorithm: a sample of 800 worldwide mtDNA hypervariable segment I sequences requires less than 3 h on a Pentium 120 PC. The MJ method is demonstrated on a Tibetan mitochondrial DNA RFLP data set.
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GeneticsHome page
J. R. S. Meadows, I. Cemal, O. Karaca, E. Gootwine, and J. W. Kijas
Five Ovine Mitochondrial Lineages Identified From Sheep Breeds of the Near East
Genetics, March 1, 2007; 175(3): 1371 - 1379.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
M. K. Gonder, H. M. Mortensen, F. A. Reed, A. de Sousa, and S. A. Tishkoff
Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages
Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2007; 24(3): 757 - 768.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Hum Mol GenetHome page
M. A. Jobling, I. C. C. Lo, D. J. Turner, G. R. Bowden, A. C. Lee, Y. Xue, D. Carvalho-Silva, M. E. Hurles, S. M. Adams, Y. M. Chang, et al.
Structural variation on the short arm of the human Y chromosome: recurrent multigene deletions encompassing Amelogenin Y
Hum. Mol. Genet., February 1, 2007; 16(3): 307 - 316.
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Eukaryot CellHome page
K. Waki, S. Dutta, D. Ray, B. K. Kolli, L. Akman, S.-I. Kawazu, C.-P. Lin, and K.-P. Chang
Transmembrane Molecules for Phylogenetic Analyses of Pathogenic Protists: Leishmania-Specific Informative Sites in Hydrophilic Loops of Trans- Endoplasmic Reticulum N-Acetylglucosamine-1-Phosphate Transferase
Eukaryot. Cell, February 1, 2007; 6(2): 198 - 210.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
U Roostalu, I Kutuev, E-L Loogvali, E Metspalu, K Tambets, M Reidla, E. Khusnutdinova, E Usanga, T Kivisild, and R Villems
Origin and Expansion of Haplogroup H, the Dominant Human Mitochondrial DNA Lineage in West Eurasia: The Near Eastern and Caucasian Perspective
Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2007; 24(2): 436 - 448.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
S. Grunewald, K. Forslund, A. Dress, and V. Moulton
QNet: An Agglomerative Method for the Construction of Phylogenetic Networks from Weighted Quartets
Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2007; 24(2): 532 - 538.
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J HeredHome page
F. Casado, C. R. Bonvicino, and H. N. Seuanez
Phylogeographic Analyses of Callicebus lugens (Platyrrhini, Primates)
J. Hered., January 1, 2007; 98(1): 88 - 92.
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J Wildl DisHome page
K. Frolich, J. Fickel, A. Ludwig, D. Lieckfeldt, W. J. Streich, R. Jurcik, J. Slamecka, and G. Wibbelt
NEW VARIANTS OF EUROPEAN BROWN HARE SYNDROME VIRUS STRAINS IN FREE-RANGING EUROPEAN BROWN HARES (LEPUS EUROPAEUS) FROM SLOVAKIA
J. Wildl. Dis., January 1, 2007; 43(1): 89 - 96.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol Biol EvolHome page
B Kilian, H Ozkan, O Deusch, S Effgen, A Brandolini, J Kohl, W Martin, and F Salamini
Independent Wheat B and G Genome Origins in Outcrossing Aegilops Progenitor Haplotypes
Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2007; 24(1): 217 - 227.
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Proc R Soc BHome page
G. M Spellman and J. Klicka
Testing hypotheses of Pleistocene population history using coalescent simulations: phylogeography of the pygmy nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea)
Proc R Soc B, December 22, 2006; 273(1605): 3057 - 3063.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
C. Fraumene, E. M. S. Belle, L. Castri, S. Sanna, G. Mancosu, M. Cosso, F. Marras, G. Barbujani, M. Pirastu, and A. Angius
High Resolution Analysis and Phylogenetic Network Construction Using Complete mtDNA Sequences in Sardinian Genetic Isolates
Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2006; 23(11): 2101 - 2111.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
D. A. Bolnick, D. I. Bolnick, and D. G. Smith
Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America
Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2006; 23(11): 2161 - 2174.
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Proc R Soc BHome page
R. Barnett, N. Yamaguchi, I. Barnes, and A. Cooper
The origin, current diversity and future conservation of the modern lion (Panthera leo)
Proc R Soc B, September 7, 2006; 273(1598): 2119 - 2125.
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GeneticsHome page
Z. Zhao, N. Yu, Y.-X. Fu, and W.-H. Li
Nucleotide Variation and Haplotype Diversity in a 10-kb Noncoding Region in Three Continental Human Populations
Genetics, September 1, 2006; 174(1): 399 - 409.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
M. Tapio, N. Marzanov, M. Ozerov, M. Cinkulov, G. Gonzarenko, T. Kiselyova, M. Murawski, H. Viinalass, and J. Kantanen
Sheep Mitochondrial DNA Variation in European, Caucasian, and Central Asian Areas
Mol. Biol. Evol., September 1, 2006; 23(9): 1776 - 1783.
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BioinformaticsHome page
M. M. Morin and B. M. E. Moret
NETGEN: generating phylogenetic networks with diploid hybrids
Bioinformatics, August 1, 2006; 22(15): 1921 - 1923.
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Mol Biol EvolHome page
L. Scheinfeldt, F. Friedlaender, J. Friedlaender, K. Latham, G. Koki, T. Karafet, M. Hammer, and J. Lorenz
Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia
Mol. Biol. Evol., August 1, 2006; 23(8): 1628 - 1641.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
T. Lehmann, P. L. Marcet, D. H. Graham, E. R. Dahl, and J. P. Dubey
From the Cover: Globalization and the population structure of Toxoplasma gondii
PNAS, July 25, 2006; 103(30): 11423 - 11428.
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Proc R Soc BHome page
M. Fang and L. Andersson
Mitochondrial diversity in European and Chinese pigs is consistent with population expansions that occurred prior to domestication
Proc R Soc B, July 22, 2006; 273(1595): 1803 - 1810.
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Vet PatholHome page
J. S. Johnson, W. S. Laegreid, R. J. Basaraba, and D. C. Baker
Truncated gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in rambouillet sheep.
Vet. Pathol., July 1, 2006; 43(4): 430 - 437.
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J HeredHome page
A. E. Pires, L. Ouragh, M. Kalboussi, J. Matos, F. Petrucci-Fonseca, and M. W. Bruford
Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation in Portuguese Native Dog Breeds: Diversity and Phylogenetic Affinities
J. Hered., July 1, 2006; 97(4): 318 - 330.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]



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