Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 127-139, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
ER Waters and E Vierling
A cDNA library was constructed with mRNA isolated from heat-stressed cell
cultures of Funaria hygrometrica (Bryophyta, Musci, Funariaceae). cDNA
clones encoding six cytosolic small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) were
identified using differential screening. Phylogenetic analysis of these
sHSP sequences with other known sHSPs identified them as members of the
previously described higher plant cytosolic class I and II families. Four
of the F. hygrometrica sHSPs are members of the cytosolic class I family,
and the other two are members of the cytosolic class II family. The
presence of members of the cytosolic I and II sHSP families in a bryophyte
indicates that these gene families are ancient, and evolved at least 450
MYA. This result also indicates that the plant sHSP gene families
duplicated much earlier than did the well-studied phytochrome gene family.
Members of the cytosolic I and II sHSP families are developmentally
regulated in seeds and flowers in higher plants. Our findings show that the
two cytosolic sHSP families evolved before the appearance of these
specialized structures. Previous analysis of angiosperm sHSPs had
identified class- or family-specific amino acid consensus regions and
determined that rate heterogeneity exists among the different sHSP
families. The analysis of the F. hygrometrica sHSP sequences reveals
patterns and rates of evolution distinct from those seen among angiosperm
sHSPs. Some, but not all, of the amino acid consensus regions identified in
seed plants are conserved in the F. hygrometrica sHSPs. Taken together, the
results of this study illuminate the evolution of the sHSP gene families
and illustrate the importance of including representatives of basal land
plant lineages in plant molecular evolutionary studies.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The diversification of plant cytosolic small heat shock proteins preceded the divergence of mosses
Department of Biology, Wher Life Sciences, Marquette University, Wisconsin 53201-1881, USA. waterse@vms.csd.mu.edu
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