Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 15, 1009-1016, Copyright © 1998 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
A Arndt and MJ Smith
A novel mitochondrial tRNA gene arrangement is described for two species of
sea cucumber. The mitochondrial tRNA gene cluster common to sea stars, sea
urchins, and the sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus has been
significantly modified in the genus Cucumaria as a result of dispersal of
the tRNA genes into two separate areas of the genome. The tRNA genes in the
novel clusters are interspersed with short unassigned sequences (UASs).
Alignment of the two separated novel clusters indicates that the
rearrangement was most likely the result of a tandem duplication of
approximately 7 kb, encompassing the putative control region, the tRNA
cluster, NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 2, the large ribosomal RNA
(lrRNA), cytochrome oxidase subunit I, and tRNAArg. Subsequently, deletion
of the duplicated lrRNA and protein-coding genes occurred. In addition, the
degeneration of one of each of the duplicated tRNA gene pairs has resulted
in the interspersed UAS segments observed in each cluster. In contrast, the
second copy of the putative control region has been maintained with a very
high degree of sequence conservation, suggesting either some functional
constraint or concerted evolution for the duplicated element. Analysis of
gene organization in other sea cucumber species may provide (1) important
insights into the mechanism of mitochondrial gene rearrangements and (2) an
informative character set for deep-level phylogenetic analysis of this
echinoderm class.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Mitochondrial gene rearrangement in the sea cucumber genus Cucumaria
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. allan.arndt@bio.kuleuven.ac.be
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