Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 15, 901-909, Copyright © 1998 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
A Civetta and RS Singh
Reproductive isolation and speciation can result from the establishment of
either premating or postmating barriers that restrict gene flow between
populations. Recent studies of speciation have been dominated by a
molecular approach to dissect the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility, a
specific form of postmating reproductive isolation. However, relatively
little attention has been paid to the evolution of genes involved in
premating isolation and genes generally involved in other sex-related
functions (e.g., mating behavior, fertilization, spermatogenesis, sex
determination). We have assembled DNA sequences from 51 nuclear genes and
classified them based on their functional characteristics. The proportion
of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions were compared
between Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans, and Drosophila
pseudoobscura, as well as between Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis
briggsae. We found a high ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous
substitutions for sex-related genes (i.e., genes involved in mating
behavior, fertilization, spermatogenesis, or sex determination). The
results suggest that directional sexual selection has shaped the evolution
of sex-related genes and that these changes have more likely occurred
during the early stages of speciation. It is possible that directional
selection becomes relaxed after reproductive isolation has been completed
between more distantly related species (e.g., D. melanogaster and D.
pseudoobscura). However, a saturation in the number of nucleotide
substitutions since the time of species separation may mask any sign of
directional selection between more distantly related species.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sex-related genes, directional sexual selection, and speciation
Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. axc46@psu.edu
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