Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 15, 463-469, Copyright © 1998 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
H Zischler, H Geisert and J Castresana
A nuclear integration of a mitochondrial control region sequence on human
chromosome 9 has been isolated. PCR analyses with primers specific for the
respective insertion-flanking nuclear regions showed that the insertion
took place on the lineage leading to Hominoidea (gibbon, orangutan,
gorilla, chimpanzee, and human) after the Old World monkey-Hominoidea
split. The sequences of the control region integrations were determined for
humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and siamangs. These sequences
were then used to construct phylogenetic trees with different methods,
relating them with several hominoid, Old Work monkey, and New World monkey
mitochondrial control region sequences. Applying maximum-likelihood,
neighbor-joining, and parsimony algorithms, the insertion clade was
attached to the branch leading to the hominoid mitochondrial sequences as
expected from the PCR-determined presence/absence of this integration. An
unexpected long branch leading to the internal node that connects all
insertion sequences was observed for the different phylogeny reconstruction
procedures. This finding is not totally compatible with the lower
evolutionary rate in the nucleus than in the mitochondrial compartment. We
determined the unambiguous substitutions on the branch leading to the most
recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the mitochondrial inserts according to the
parsimony criterium. We propose that they are unlikely to have been caused
by damage of the transposing nucleic acid and that they are probably due to
a change in the evolutionary mode after the transposition.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A hominoid-specific nuclear insertion of the mitochondrial D-loop: implications for reconstructing ancestral mitochondrial sequences
Zoologisches Institut, Universitat Munchen, Germany.
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