Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 15, 6-16, Copyright © 1998 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
U Bergthorsson and H Ochman
Large-scale variation in chromosome size was analyzed in 35 natural
isolates of Escherichia coli by physical mapping with a restriction enzyme
whose sites are restricted to rDNA operons. Although the genetic maps and
chromosome lengths of the laboratory strains E. coli K12 and Salmonella
enterica sv. Typhimurium LT2 are highly congruent, chromosome lengths among
natural strains of E. coli can differ by as much as 1 Mb, ranging from 4.5
to 5.5 Mb in length. This variation has been generated by multiple changes
dispersed throughout the genome, and these alterations are correlated;
i.e., additions to one portion of the chromosome are often accompanied by
additions to other chromosomal regions. This pattern of variation is most
probably the result of selection acting to maintain equal distances between
the replication origin and terminus on each side of the circular
chromosome. There is a large phylogenetic component to the observed size
variation: natural isolates from certain subgroups of E. coli have
consistently larger chromosome, suggesting that much of the additional DNA
in larger chromosomes is shared through common ancestry. There is no
significant correlation between genome sizes and growth rates, which
counters the view that the streamlining of bacterial genomes is a response
to selection for faster growth rates in natural populations.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Distribution of chromosome length variation in natural isolates of Escherichia coli
Department of Biology, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
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