Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 14, 914-925, Copyright © 1997 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
M Lynch
A comparative analysis of the transfer RNA genes in the genomes of the
major kingdoms of eukaryotes and prokaryotes leads to the general
conclusion that the rate of evolution of organelle tRNA genes is typically
equal to of greater than that of their nuclear counterparts. Situations
where this is not the case, most notably in vascular plants, are
attributable to an elevated mutation rate in the nuclear genome. Through a
comparison of rates of mutation with rates of nucleotide substitution, it
is shown that there is a reduction in the efficiency of selection on new
mutations in organelle genes. Numerous lines of evidence, including
observed reductions in stem duplex stability and changes in loop sizes,
suggest that the excess changes observed in the organelle genes are mildly
deleterious. Uniparental inheritance of organelles causes a reduction in
the efficiency of selection through the joint effects of an increase in
linkage disequilibrium and a decrease in effective population size. These
results provide molecular support for the idea that asexually propagating
genomes are subject to long-term, gradual fitness loss and raise questions
about the role of organelle mutations in the long-term survival of major
phylogenetic lineages.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Mutation accumulation in nuclear, organelle, and prokaryotic transfer RNA genes
Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA. mlynch@oregon.uoregon.edu
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