Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 14, 994-1007, Copyright © 1997 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
T Sang, MJ Donoghue and D Zhang
Alcohol dehydrogenase genes were amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced
from 11 putative nonhybrid species of the angiosperm genus Paeonia.
Sequences of five exons and six intron regions of the Adh gene were used to
reconstruct the phylogeny of these species. Two paralogous genes, Adh1A,
and Adh2, were found; an additional gene, Adh1B, is also present in section
Moutan. Phylogenetic analyses of exon sequences of the Adh genes of Paeonia
and a variety of other angiosperms imply that duplication of Adh1 and Adh2
occurred prior to the divergence of Paeonia species and was followed by a
duplication resulting in Adh1A and Adh1B. Concerted evolution appears to be
absent between these paralogous loci. Phylogenetic analysis of only the
Paeonia Adh exon sequences, positioning the root of the tree between the
paralogous genes Adh1 and Adh2, suggests that the first evolutionary split
within the genus occurred between the shrubby section Moutan and the other
two herbaceous sections Oneapia and Paeonia. Restriction of Adh1B genes to
section Moutan may have resulted from deletion of Adh1B from the common
ancestor of sections Oneapia and Paeonia. A relative-rate test was designed
to compare rates of molecular change among lineages based on the divergence
of paralogous genes, and the results indicate a slower rate of evolution
within the shrubby section Moutan than in section Oneapia. This may be
responsible for the relatively long branch length of section Oneapia and
the short branch length between section Moutan and the other two sections
found on the Adh, ITS (nrDNA), and matK (cpDNA) phylogenies of the genus.
Adh1 and Adh2 intron sequences cannot be aligned, and we therefore carried
out separate analyses of Adh1A and Adh2 genes using exon and intron
sequences together. The Templeton test suggested that there is not
significant incongruence among Adh1A, ITS, and matK data sets, but that
these three data sets conflict significantly with Adh2 sequence data. A
combined analysis of Adh1A, ITS, and matK sequences produced a tree that is
better resolved than that of any individual gene, and congruent with
morphology and the results of artificial hybridization. It is therefore
considered to be the current best estimate of the species phylogeny.
Paraphyly of section Paeonia in the Adh2 gene tree may be caused by longer
coalescence times and random sorting of ancestral alleles.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evolution of alcohol dehydrogenase genes in peonies (Paeonia): phylogenetic relationships of putative nonhybrid species
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. sang@pilot.msu.edu
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