Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 13, 1044-1053, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
K Hayasaka, K Fujii and S Horai
We determined the nucleotide sequences of an 896-base pair region of
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 20 primates representing 13 species of
macaques, a baboon, and a patas. We compared these sequences and the
homologous sequences from four macaques and a human against each other and
deduced the phylogenetic relationships of macaques. The results from the
phylogenetic analyses revealed five groups among the macaques: (1) Barbary
macaque, (2) two species of Sulawesi macaques, (3) Japanese, rhesus,
Taiwanese, crab-eating, and stump-tailed macaques, (4) toque, pig-tailed,
and lion-tailed macaques, and (5) Assamese and bonnet macaques. The
phylogenetic position of Tibetan macaque remains ambiguous as to whether it
belongs to the fourth or fifth group. Phylogenetic trees revealed that
Barbary macaque diverged first from the other Asian macaques. Subsequently,
the four groups of Asian macaques diverged from one another in a relatively
short period of time. Within each group, most of the species diverged in a
relatively short period of time following the divergence of the groups.
Assuming that the Asian macaques diverged from the outgroup Barbary macaque
three million years ago (MYA), the divergence times among groups of Asian
macaques were estimated at 2.1-2.5 MYA and within groups at 1.4- 2.2 MYA.
The intraspecific nucleotide diversity observed among three rhesus macaques
was so large that they did not form a monophyletic cluster in the
phylogenetic trees. Instead, one of them formed a cluster with Japanese and
Taiwanese macaques, whereas the other two formed a separate cluster. This
implies that either polymorphisms of mtDNA sequences that existed before
the divergence of these three species (ca. 700,000 years ago) have been
retained in rhesus macaques or introgression has occurred among the three
species.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular phylogeny of macaques: implications of nucleotide sequences from an 896-base pair region of mitochondrial DNA
Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.
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