Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 13, 170-177, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
M Nei and N Takezaki
Although African populations have been shown to be most divergent from any
other human populations, it has been difficult to establish the root of the
phylogenetic tree of human populations since the rate of evolutionary
change may vary from population to population owing to the fluctuation of
population size and other factors. However, the root can be determined by
using the chimpanzee as an outgroup and by employing proper statistical
methods. Using this strategy, we constructed phylogenetic trees of human
populations for five different sets of gene frequency data. The data sets
used were two sets of microsatellite loci data (25 and 8 loci,
respectively), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) data (79
loci), protein polymorphism data (15 loci), and Alu insertion frequency
data (4 loci). All these data sets showed that the root is located in the
branch connecting African and non-African populations, and in the four data
sets the root was established at a significant level. These results
indicate that Africans are the first group of people that split from the
rest of the human populations.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The root of the phylogenetic tree of human populations
Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
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