Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 13, 132-149, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
DI Nurminsky, EN Moriyama, ER Lozovskaya and DL Hartl
Drosophila virilis is a prominent reference species for comparison with
Drosophila melanogaster in regard to patterns and mechanisms of molecular
and genomic evolution. Sequences were determined for 11 Adh genes from 8
species of the D. virilis species group, including species from both the
virilis phylad and the montana subphylad. The genome of D. virilis contains
a 6-kb duplication that includes the entire Adh coding region. The pattern
of sequence identity within the duplication strongly suggests a recent
gene-conversion event bordered by 36-bp indels. As in other Drosophila, the
amino-acid coding region of Adh is encoded by three exons interrupted by
two short introns. The promoter region includes 16 blocks of sequence that
are well conserved in D. virilis, Drosophila hydei, and D. melanogaster.
The developmental profile of Adh transcription suggests a distal/proximal
promoter switch analogous to that in D. melanogaster. Duplicate Adh genes
were also found in Drosophila montana and Drosophila lacicola, which
apparently originated independently of that in D. virilis. The Adh genes in
all species of the D. virilis group have among the lowest codon bias of any
Adh genes so far reported in the genus Drosophila. Taking the low codon
bias into account, we estimate the time of divergence between the virilis
and montana clades as 9.0 +/- 0.7 Mya and the approximate time of
divergence of D. virilis from other members of the virilis phylad as 2.6
+/- 0.4 Mya. The region of the D. virilis genome containing Adh, as well as
the chromosome as a whole, gives evidence of extensive rearrangements
relative to the genome of D. melanogaster.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular phylogeny and genome evolution in the Drosophila virilis species group: duplications of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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