Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 12, 1074-1084, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
A Estoup, C Tailliez, JM Cornuet and M Solignac
Similar microsatellite electromorphs (PCR products of the same size) can
arise from independent mutational events. Such alleles are not identical by
descent. This phenomenon, termed size homoplasy, was studied by sequencing
electromorphs of two microsatellite loci in which the stretch of basic
repeats is interrupted by different short (1-2 bp) DNA motifs. The number
and position of these interruptions were established for electromorphs from
closely and distantly related populations of honeybees and bumblebees. No
sequence difference was found when electromorphs came from the same
subspecies or from closely related subspecies, suggesting that they were
probably identical by descent. In contrast, sequence differences were often
detected in distantly related subspecies, showing that size homoplasy
frequently occurs at this level of population differentiation. Size
homoplasy is increased by limits to free length variation of alleles, a
phenomenon that seems to act on interrupted microsatellites when comparing
distantly related taxa, that is, honeybee subspecies from different
evolutionary lineages. Electromorph sequences suggest that, within the
scope of these limits, large mutation events have occurred frequently at
both interrupted loci studied. In good agreement with the molecular data,
computations based on the observed heterozygosity and number of
electromorphs and simulation studies showed that neither locus fits the
one-step stepwise mutant model (SMM). We speculate that interrupted
microsatellites in general could be characterized by a higher variance in
repeat number and consequently a lower homoplasy rate than pure ones.
Hence, interrupted microsatellites should be most appropriate for
investigating population differentiation and evolutionary relationship
between relatively distant populations.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Size homoplasy and mutational processes of interrupted microsatellites in two bee species, Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris (Apidae)
Laboratoire Populations, Genetique et Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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