Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 12, 679-689, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
D Bridge, CW Cunningham, R DeSalle and LW Buss
The evolutionary history of cnidarian life cycles has been debated since
the 1880s, with different hypotheses favored even by current textbooks.
Contributing to the disagreement is the fact that the systematic
relationships of the four cnidarian classes have received relatively little
examination using modern systematic methods. Here we present analyses of
class-level relationships based on 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence,
mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence, mitochondrial genome structure, and
morphological characters. DNA sequences were aligned using a repeatable
parsimony-based approach incorporating a range of alignment parameters.
Analyses of individual data sets and of all data combined are unanimous in
grouping the classes possessing a medusa stage, leaving the holobenthic
Anthozoa basal within the phylum.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence
Department of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Perez and V. Weis Cyclophilin and the Regulation of Symbiosis in Aiptasia pallida Biol. Bull., August 1, 2008; 215(1): 63 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Rentzsch, J. H. Fritzenwanker, C. B. Scholz, and U. Technau FGF signalling controls formation of the apical sensory organ in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis Development, May 15, 2008; 135(10): 1761 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Helman, F. Natale, R. M. Sherrell, M. LaVigne, V. Starovoytov, M. Y. Gorbunov, and P. G. Falkowski Extracellular matrix production and calcium carbonate precipitation by coral cells in vitro PNAS, January 8, 2008; 105(1): 54 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. F. Jenkins and C. Nedin The provenance and palaeobiology of a new multi-vaned, chambered frondose organism from the Ediacaran (later Neoproterozoic) of South Australia Geological Society, London, Special Publications, January 1, 2007; 286(1): 195 - 222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. Collins, P. Schuchert, A. C. Marques, T. Jankowski, M. Medina, and B. Schierwater Medusozoan Phylogeny and Character Evolution Clarified by New Large and Small Subunit rDNA Data and an Assessment of the Utility of Phylogenetic Mixture Models Syst Biol, February 1, 2006; 55(1): 97 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. Collins, P. Cartwright, C. S. McFadden, and B. Schierwater Phylogenetic Context and Basal Metazoan Model Systems Integr. Comp. Biol., August 1, 2005; 45(4): 585 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Collins and M. Daly A New Deepwater Species of Stauromedusae, Lucernaria janetae (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Lucernariidae), and a Preliminary Investigation of Stauromedusan Phylogeny Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial rDNA Data Biol. Bull., June 1, 2005; 208(3): 221 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Peterson, M. A. McPeek, and D. A. D. Evans Tempo and mode of early animal evolution: inferences from rocks, Hox, and molecular clocks Paleobiology, June 1, 2005; 31(2_Suppl): 36 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Tarrant Endocrine-like Signaling in Cnidarians: Current Understanding and Implications for Ecophysiology Integr. Comp. Biol., January 1, 2005; 45(1): 201 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Q. Martindale, K. Pang, and J. R. Finnerty Investigating the origins of triploblasty: `mesodermal' gene expression in a diploblastic animal, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (phylum, Cnidaria; class, Anthozoa) Development, May 15, 2004; 131(10): 2463 - 2474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ender and B. Schierwater Placozoa Are Not Derived Cnidarians: Evidence from Molecular Morphology Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2003; 20(1): 130 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Wood, J. P. Grotzinger, and J. A. D. Dickson Proterozoic Modular Biomineralized Metazoan from the Nama Group, Namibia Science, June 28, 2002; 296(5577): 2383 - 2386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Johnsen Hidden in Plain Sight: The Ecology and Physiology of Organismal Transparency Biol. Bull., December 1, 2001; 201(3): 301 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Finnerty Cnidarians Reveal Intermediate Stages in the Evolution of Hox Clusters and Axial Complexity Integr. Comp. Biol., June 1, 2001; 41(3): 608 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Xiao, X. Yuan, and A. H. Knoll Eumetazoan fossils in terminal Proterozoic phosphorites? PNAS, November 22, 2000; (2000) 250491697. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Miller, D. C. Hayward, J. S. Reece-Hoyes, I. Scholten, J. Catmull, W. J. Gehring, P. Callaerts, J. E. Larsen, and E. E. Ball Special Feature: Pax gene diversity in the basal cnidarian Acropora millepora (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): Implications for the evolution of the Pax gene family PNAS, April 25, 2000; 97(9): 4475 - 4480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Collins Evaluating multiple alternative hypotheses for the origin of Bilateria: An analysis of 18S rRNA molecular evidence PNAS, December 22, 1998; 95(26): 15458 - 15463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Romano and S. R. Palumbi Evolution of Scleractinian Corals Inferred from Molecular Systematics Science, February 2, 1996; 271(5249): 640 - 642. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Xiao, X. Yuan, and A. H. Knoll Eumetazoan fossils in terminal Proterozoic phosphorites? PNAS, December 5, 2000; 97(25): 13684 - 13689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|