Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 12, 415-420, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
D Bhattacharya, T Helmchen, C Bibeau and M Melkonian
The Glaucocystophyta (e.g., Cyanophora paradoxa) form a morphologically
distinct group of photosynthetic protists that is primarily distinguished
by its cyanelles (= plastids). To elucidate their evolutionary
relationships, we determined nuclear-encoded small-subunit ribosomal RNA
(SSU rRNA) coding regions for four taxa classified in the Glaucocystophyta
(C. paradoxa, Glaucocystis nostochinearum, Glaucosphaera vacuolata,
Gloeochaete wittrockiana; sensu Kies and Kremer), and these sequences were
positioned within the eukaryotic phylogeny. Maximum likelihood,
maximum-parsimony, and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses show that the
Glaucocystophyta is a relatively late-diverging monophyletic assemblage
within the "crown" group radiation that forms a sister group to cryptophyte
algae. Glaucosphaera vacuolata is a red alga and lacks some cyanelle (e.g.,
bounding peptidoglycan wall) and host cell (e.g., cruciate flagellar roots)
characters typical of glaucocystophytes. Our data are consistent with a
monophyletic origin of the cyanelle in the glaucocystophytes. The
distribution of photosynthetic taxa within the
glaucocystophytes/cryptophytes and other lineages such as the filose
amoebae/chlorarachniophytes and heterokont protists provide clues to the
origin of plastids with four bounding membranes. We speculate that
multiple, likely independent, secondary endosymbioses gave rise to these
plastids.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparisons of nuclear-encoded small-subunit ribosomal RNAs reveal the evolutionary position of the Glaucocystophyta
Botanisches Institut, Universitat zu Koln, Germany.
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