Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 11, 778-789, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
NB Adey, SA Schichman, DK Graham, SN Peterson, MH Edgell and CA Hutchison 3rd
All mammalian genomes contain approximately 100,000 copies of the
transposable element LINES-1 (L1). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the
L1 progenitor predates the mammalian radiation; since that time, the open
reading frames encoded in L1 have evolved under selection. The least
conserved regions within L1 are the 5'-terminal transcriptional regulatory
sequences. In rodents, four types of L1 elements (A, F, and V from mouse
and R from rat) have been defined according to the type of apparently
nonhomologous promoter sequence present at the 5' end. In this study, we
investigate the relationships between these four types of promoters. DNA
sequence was determined from approximately 1.5-kb regions from the 5' ends
of seven F- and three V-type L1 elements. These sequences were aligned with
29 previously reported L1 elements. Phylogenetic analysis was then
performed on the homologous regions of the alignment. The results indicate
that in mouse all of the A-, F-, and V-type elements belong to a single
dominant lineage but were inserted into the genome during different time
periods; V-type elements are the oldest, while A-type elements are the most
recently inserted. V- type elements also appear ancestral to the R-type
elements found in rat and therefore were replicatively competent prior to
the divergence of rat and mouse. Analysis of sequence identity indicates
that the different 5' promoters did not derive from a common ancestor.
Therefore, the dominant L1 lineage appears to have acquired novel promoter
sequences from non-L1 sources. Transposable elements from a wide range of
species show similar structural rearrangements, suggesting that acquisition
of new sequences may be a common theme in their evolution.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rodent L1 evolution has been driven by a single dominant lineage that has repeatedly acquired new transcriptional regulatory sequences
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7290.
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