Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 11, 443-458, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
DT Sullivan, WT Starmer, SW Curtiss, M Menotti-Raymond and J Yum
The Adh locus in Drosophila species which are members of the repleta group
contains products of one or two duplication events. In all species examined
to date one of the Adh genes is now a pseudogene, since mutations have
rendered these genes incapable of being translated into a functional
alcohol dehydrogenase. These pseudogenes contain introns in the standard
Adh gene position; hence, their origin is not by retrotransposition.
Comparison of the sequences of the Adh-psi from representatives of each of
the subgroups of the repleta group reveal that the Adh pseudogene is
present in each subgroup and that mutations at codon 2 and a deletion in
the region immediately 5' to Adh-psi are common to all species. Therefore,
it is likely that the translational inactivation event that resulted in a
pseudogene occurred before the divergence of the species that make up the
repleta group. We have investigated the transcription of Adh-psi of D.
hydei and have found that the transcription has a developmental profile
dissimilar from any known Adh gene, does not utilize an Adh promoter, and
is initiated at a point almost 12 kb upstream. Comparison of sequence
divergence of Adh- psi within species of the repleta group reveals that
rates of evolution of the exons of Adh-psi are substantially slower than
intergenic regions and are only slightly faster than those of exons of
functional Adh genes. Second, retention of codon bias is found in the
Adh-psi of most species, and substitution at synonymous coding positions
substantially exceeds substitution at nonsynonymous coding positions.
Comparison of the evolution of other putative pseudogenes with repleta
group Adh pseudogenes suggests that at least some pseudogene sequences in
Drosophila may be evolving through mechanisms and/or under influences not
presently understood.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Unusual molecular evolution of an Adh pseudogene in Drosophila
Department of Biology, Syracuse University, New York 13244.
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