Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 11, 22-31, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
PW Wenink, AJ Baker and MG Tilanus
We determined the mitochondrial control-region sequences of five turnstones
(Arenaria interpres) and three dunlins (Calidris alpina). Comparisons
revealed that the central part (part II) is conserved relative to much more
variable parts at the beginning (part I) and the end (part III). This
pattern of sequence conservation is also found in the control regions of
other vertebrates. The average sequence divergence between turnstone and
dunlin was 21.8% for part I, 7.5% for part II, and 29.5% for part III.
Within-species sequence divergence over the entire control region was much
lower, at 0.9% for turnstones and 2.0% for dunlins. In both shorebird
species, part III contains a repetitive sequence composed only of A and C
nucleotides, which has not been found in the control regions of other
birds. A survey of the part I sequences of 25 turnstones and 25 dunlins
sampled around the world revealed that these species have very different
population genetic structures. Dunlins are not only much more
differentiated in their sequences but also have a strongly subdivided
population genetic structure. Pleistocene vicariant events combined with
strong natal philopatry and high mutation rates of the sequences are likely
responsible for this population genetic subdivision. Conversely, part I
sequences of turnstones are weakly differentiated and are geographically
unstructured. We argue that this is not the result of global gene flow but
that, instead turnstones have recently expanded from a refugial population
that was bottlenecked.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Mitochondrial control-region sequences in two shorebird species, the turnstone and the dunlin, and their utility in population genetic studies
Department of Ornithology, Royal Ontario Museum.
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